The Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation Is Similar to a Psychological Stressor, Whereas the Hypothalamic Response Is Unique

Stressors of different natures induce activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis at different magnitudes.Moreover, the HPA axis response to repeated exposure SALTY DOG is usually distinct from that elicited by a single session.Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) augments ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) levels, but the nature of this

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The length of vesicular stomatitis virus particles dictates a need for actin assembly during clathrin-dependent endocytosis.

Microbial pathogens exploit the clathrin endocytic machinery to enter host cells.Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), an enveloped virus with bullet-shaped virions that measure 70 x 200 nm, enters cells by clathrin-dependent endocytosis.We showed previously that VSV particles exceed the capacity of typical clathrin-coated vesicles and instead enter th

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